Much of the 1200 acres of dunes at Castle Neck along Crane Beach were forested with pitch pine in 1634 when European settlers arrived. The people of Ipswich realized that it was a special place, and the selectmen decreed that “The Neck of Land whereupon the great Hill standeth which is known by the name of the Castle Hill shall remain unto the common use of the Towne forever” and that no tree may be cut with a diameter less than 12.”
Of course, exceptions were made and in 1682 it was ordered that blacksmiths should have liberty to fell trees for charcoal. Symonds Epes owned a substantial farm and orchards at Wigwam Hill, named for a group of destitute Indians who briefly camped there. The land passed down through several generations, and Captain Lakeman, the husband of one of his descendants, cut the protecting scrub pines for lumber. This removed a barrier to wind, and the thin layer of topsoil blew away. Without the protection of the trees and grass, the farm quickly fell victim to the drifting sand. You can still see remnants of the old stone walls.
Trail at Wigwam Hill, Castle Neck in Ipswich
A house (probably built by the Cranes) was built on the trail to Wigwam Hill, and the same fate befell it. All that remains visible is the top of a chimney protruding from a large sand dune which enveloped the house.
Crane Beach and all of Castle Neck are owned and protected by the Trustees of Reservations, which maintains over 5 miles of trails through the dunes. A sign on the far right of the main parking lot indicates the trail entrance. Head in and take a right at the first fork. You’re immediately in the dunes, but after a while the trail takes you through a forest of pitch pine. At the next fork continue right onto the Red Trail. Wigwam Hill rises before you with a steady climb. Near the top you’ll see a narrow trail on your left that takes you to the chimney, all that can be seen of a house long ago buried by the sand.
Castle Neck, showing the marked dune trails
Source: Thomas Franklin Waters, “Ipswich in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.”
Castle Neck and the dunes - Crane Beach and all of Castle Neck are protected by the Trustees of Reservations. Pitch pine and scrub oak rise from the masses of marsh grass, sage green hudsonia and dune lichen lining the trails that wind through the dunes.
Photos from Crane Beach and Castle Neck - After weeks of rain and a record-breaking cold spell, this was a beautiful day for a hike at Castle Neck, returning along Crane Beach.
The missing dunes at Castle Neck - When Google maps first went online, it showed a couple of large dunes at the tip of Crane Beach, one labelled “The Great Dune.” It was the tallest of the newer dunes, comparable in size to Wigwam Hill, which is an older well-established dune in the middle of Castle Neck. The Great […]
Charles Wendell Townsend, Ipswich naturalist - Born in Boston, November 10, 1859, Charles Wendell Townsend, M.D. was attracted by the natural beauty of Ipswich. He built a summer house on a ridge overlooking a wide expanse of salt marsh with open sea to the east. From here he wrote a number of books, including […]
